Learning disabilities like dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia affect how the brain processes information but do not reflect intelligence. Many brilliant people have learning disabilities. With appropriate strategies and accommodations, students with learning disabilities succeed at the highest levels of academia. This guide provides practical techniques for common learning differences.
Common Learning Disabilities
Dyslexia: Difficulty with reading, spelling, and decoding written language. Affects 5-10% of students.
Dyscalculia: Difficulty with number sense, math facts, and mathematical reasoning.
Dysgraphia: Difficulty with handwriting, spelling, and organizing written thoughts.
Auditory Processing: Difficulty processing and interpreting verbal information in real-time.
Dyslexia Strategies
- Text-to-speech: Use tools like NaturalReader, Read&Write, or built-in screen readers
- Audiobooks: Supplement reading with audio versions through Learning Ally or Audible
- Color overlays: Tinted overlays or display settings can reduce visual stress while reading
- Chunking text: Break reading into smaller sections with breaks between
- Multi-sensory learning: Combine reading, listening, and discussing material
Dyscalculia Strategies
- Visual representations: Use graphs, charts, and diagrams to represent mathematical concepts
- Calculator use: Request accommodation for calculator use when the goal is concept understanding
- Step-by-step procedures: Write out every step of math problems
- Real-world connections: Connect abstract math to concrete examples
Assistive Technology
Read&Write: Literacy support tool for reading, writing, and research. Kurzweil: Text-to-speech and study tools for learning disabilities. Livescribe: Smartpen that records audio synced with handwritten notes. Dragon NaturallySpeaking: Speech-to-text for students with dysgraphia. Many of these are available free through your disability office.
General Academic Strategies
- Record lectures: Audio recordings let you review material at your own pace
- Study groups: Explaining concepts verbally reinforces learning
- Use tutoring: Academic support services are there for everyone, use them liberally
- Self-advocacy: Communicate your needs clearly to professors and disability services
Pro Strategy: Explore assistive technology early in your academic career since there are more tools available than most students realize. Schedule a meeting with your campus disability technology specialist (most schools have one) to get a personalized demonstration of tools that match your specific needs.