Letters of recommendation are critical components of graduate school applications, often carrying as much weight as your GPA and test scores. Strong letters come from recommenders who know you well and can speak specifically about your abilities and potential. This guide helps you secure the best possible letters.
What Makes a Strong Letter
Specificity: Concrete examples of your work, not generic praise.
Context: How you compare to other students the recommender has taught or mentored.
Enthusiasm: Genuine endorsement that conveys the recommender truly believes in your potential.
Relevance: Connection between your abilities and the requirements of graduate study.
Choosing Recommenders
- Faculty who know you well: A professor who can speak in detail about your work is better than a famous professor who barely knows you
- Research mentors: If you have research experience, your PI or lab supervisor is ideal
- Relevant coursework: Professors from courses related to your intended graduate field
- Three is standard: Most programs require three letters, have at least four people in mind
How to Ask
- Ask early: Give recommenders at least 6-8 weeks notice
- Ask in person: Schedule office hours or send a thoughtful email
- Ask specifically: "Would you be able to write a strong letter?" gives them an out if they cannot
- Provide context: Share your CV, statement of purpose draft, and a list of programs
The Recommender Packet
Give each recommender: your CV or resume, your statement of purpose (or draft), a list of programs with deadlines, specific projects or achievements you hope they will mention, and any relevant coursework or papers. This makes their job easier and results in more detailed, specific letters.
Building Relationships Before You Need Letters
- Visit office hours: Regular attendance helps professors remember you
- Engage in class: Thoughtful participation demonstrates intellectual curiosity
- Seek research opportunities: Working in a lab or on a project creates deep professional relationships
- Follow up: Stay in touch with professors after courses end
Pro Strategy: Send gentle reminders 2 weeks before each deadline. Recommenders are busy and appreciate the nudge. Frame it helpfully: "I wanted to remind you that the deadline for X program is DATE. Please let me know if you need any additional information from me."